The structural characteristics of forklift components are mainly reflected in their modular design, with each component working collaboratively to achieve efficient and safe material handling. The following is an analysis of the structural characteristics of core components:
Power System
Engine (Internal Combustion Forklift):As a power source, it converts the chemical energy of fuel into mechanical energy. Its structure includes crankshafts and connecting rods, valve train, fuel supply, ignition (gasoline), cooling, lubrication, and starting systems. Diesel engines are widely used due to their high power and torque.
Battery and Electric Motor (Electric Forklift): Powered by lead-acid or lithium batteries, the electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to drive the wheels or hydraulic pump, achieving an efficiency of over 90%. Placing the battery on the rear axle improves visibility but affects overall machine stability.
Transmission System
Mechanical Transmission: Power is transmitted through a clutch, gearbox, and drive axle, suitable for stationary working conditions.
Hydraulic Transmission: Utilizes a hydraulic torque converter to automatically adjust torque, adapting to frequent start-stop operations.
Hydrostatic Transmission: A closed-loop system consisting of a hydraulic pump and motor, enabling stepless speed regulation and precise control. Commonly used in high-end forklifts.
Lifting Mechanism
Mast Structure: A vertical guide rail formed by inner and outer masts supports fork lifting, with a maximum height of 12 meters. Modern forklifts often use wide-view masts with hydraulic cylinders positioned on both sides to enhance operator visibility.
Forks and Fork Carriage: The forks are of standard metal construction with adjustable spacing (600/800mm) to accommodate different pallets. The fork carriage works in conjunction with the mast via rollers to achieve synchronized lifting and retraction.
Roller Sprocket System: A hydraulic piston pushes the mast upwards, and a top gear drives a chain to pull the forks, resulting in higher and more stable lifting.
Hydraulic System
Composed of a gear pump, multi-way valve, and cylinders, the system controls mast lifting and tilting via a handle (6° forward tilt for anti-slip, 12° backward tilt for stability). Advanced models employ hydraulic pulse control technology to adjust flow as needed, resulting in energy savings and noise reduction.
